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IP Addresses, Privacy & Network Intelligence
Plain-English guides on what your browser reveals β and how to control it.
What Is My IP Address? The Complete Guide
Your IP address is the unique number that identifies your device on the internet. Learn what an IP address is, what it reveals about you, and how to find yours instantly.
IP & Networking
Everything about IP addresses, geolocation, ISPs, and how internet routing works.
REMOTE_ADDR vs CF-Connecting-IP: Getting the Real Visitor IP Behind Cloudflare
If your WordPress security plugin or PHP app logs the wrong IP behind Cloudflare, here is why β and how to read the real visitor IP safely using CF-Connecting-IP instead of REMOTE_ADDR or the spoofable HTTP_CLIENT_IP header.
Looking for an ipify Alternative? Free IP APIs Compared (2026)
The ipify open-source repo has been quiet since 2018 and geolocation costs extra. Here are the best free ipify alternatives in 2026 β including a drop-in replacement with free geo data.
Why Is My IP Showing the Wrong Location?
IP geolocation isn't perfect. Learn why your IP address might show the wrong city or country, and what factors affect the accuracy of location data.
What Is My IP Address? The Complete Guide
Your IP address is the unique number that identifies your device on the internet. Learn what an IP address is, what it reveals about you, and how to find yours instantly.
What Is IPv6? Why the Internet Needed a New Address Format
IPv6 is the successor to IPv4, designed to solve the global IP address shortage. Learn how IPv6 works, how it differs from IPv4, and why it matters for your connection.
How Does IP Geolocation Work?
IP geolocation maps your IP address to an approximate physical location. Learn how it works, how accurate it is, and why your IP might show the wrong city.
Privacy & Security
WebRTC leaks, VPN detection, TLS encryption, and how to protect your online privacy.
How to Prove Your ISP Is Throttling You (Not Just Congesting Your Network)
Your ISP can legally throttle your Netflix, YouTube, or gaming traffic without telling you. Here is the methodical 3-step approach to prove it β not just suspect it.
What Is a DNS Leak and How Does It Expose You?
A DNS leak occurs when your DNS queries bypass your VPN, revealing your browsing activity to your ISP. Learn how DNS leaks happen and how to prevent them.
How to Check If Your VPN Is Working (3 Tests)
Not sure if your VPN is actually protecting you? Learn three tests to verify your VPN is working correctly β including IP, WebRTC, and DNS leak checks.
How to Hide Your IP Address: VPN, Tor, and Proxies Explained
Learn the most effective ways to hide your IP address, including VPNs, Tor, and proxy servers β and the trade-offs between them.
How to Test for WebRTC Leaks in Your Browser
WebRTC leaks can expose your real IP even behind a VPN. Learn how to test for WebRTC leaks in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, and how to fix them.
What Is TLS Encryption and Why Does the Version Matter?
TLS is the encryption protocol that secures your web connections. Learn the difference between TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3 and why upgrading matters for your security.
Network Protocols
HTTP/3, QUIC, latency, RTT, and the protocols that power the modern web.
What Is HTTP/3? The Fastest Web Protocol Explained
HTTP/3 uses QUIC instead of TCP, delivering faster, more reliable connections β especially on mobile. Learn how it works and how to check if you're using it.
What Is Network Latency (RTT) and Why Does It Matter?
Network latency is the time it takes data to travel from your device to a server and back. Learn how RTT is measured and what affects your connection speed.
What Is a Cloudflare Colo? Edge Datacenters Explained
A Cloudflare colo is the edge datacenter that handles your request. Learn how Cloudflare's global network works and why the colo location affects your latency.
Browser & Device
User agents, browser fingerprinting, connection types, and what your browser reveals.
What Is cookieEnabled Fingerprinting? How Your Cookie Settings Reveal Your Identity
navigator.cookieEnabled is a single browser property that tells websites whether you have cookies enabled β and that yes/no answer quietly feeds your browser fingerprint.
What Is Do Not Track (DNT)? The Privacy Signal That Makes You More Trackable
Do Not Track was designed to stop online tracking β but enabling it can make your browser more unique and easier to fingerprint. Here's why privacy backfires.
Color Depth Fingerprinting: How screen.colorDepth Builds Your Profile
screen.colorDepth and screen.pixelDepth silently expose how many bits per pixel your display uses β a quiet but persistent piece of your browser fingerprint.
What Is WebGL Pixel Hash Fingerprinting? How Shaders Identify Your GPU
WebGL pixel hash fingerprinting renders a hidden GLSL shader and hashes the output pixels β exploiting GPU floating-point micro-differences that persist across browsers, incognito mode, and VPNs.
What Is Browser Fingerprinting? How Sites Track You Without Cookies
Browser fingerprinting combines your hardware, software, and browser settings into a unique identifier that tracks you across sites β even in private mode, without cookies.
What Is Canvas Fingerprinting? How Websites Track You Without Cookies
Canvas fingerprinting uses the HTML5 Canvas API to draw a hidden image whose pixel output uniquely identifies your browser β without storing anything on your device.
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